Archaeologists uncover Limerick defensive fortifications from World War II

Previously unrecorded pillboxes dating back to World War II have been revealed by archaeologists working on the Foynes to Limerick Road (including Adare Bypass) Road Project.

A pillbox is a small structure made from reinforced concrete with openings – often referred to as embrasures or gun loops – that could be used to fire rifles or light machineguns through while giving some protection to the soldiers inside.

“Because we were neutral during World War II, Ireland took active measures to secure its independence,” said Bryn Coldrick, Historian and Senior Consultant at Archaeological Management Solutions (AMS). “In important locations such as the Shannon Estuary, pillboxes were grouped to form a line of deep defences to contain any invasion for as long as possible and protect road and rail networks, both of which were essential for moving troops and equipment if faced with an attack emanating from the Shannon Estuary.”

In Ireland, around 300 pillboxes were built during the early years of World War II to help defend the country against a possible invasion. Nine are already listed on Limerick’s Record of Protected Structures within the Adare-Rathkeale Municipal District.

A further seven pillboxes were found during fieldwork for the project’s Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIAR).

Another pillbox was found hidden in a field boundary when vegetation was being cleared and yet another possible example was identified from aerial photography.

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Mr Coldrick added: “Comparing the locations of the known pillboxes with plans we uncovered in the Military Archives from 1940, it looks like there could be more out there waiting to be rediscovered, so it’s difficult to be sure about the exact number and locations of those still standing.”

Fintan Walsh, senior archaeologist of AMS, commented: “Two of the pillboxes within the scheme will be preserved in situ and we have undertaken built heritage surveys of both, including the production of a 3D digital model. Two more will be moved intact, after being fully recorded. We hope to find homes for them at a local Limerick museum.”

Mayor of Limerick, John Moran, said: “These pillboxes are an important part of our local history. We invite people to share family stories and personal experiences regarding the pillboxes with AMS so that the legacy of those who defended us can live on.”

Limerick City and County Council resident archaeologist, Ed Lyne, commented: “Projects such as the Foynes to Limerick (including Adare Bypass) scheme provide a significant opportunity for the investigation of our archaeological heritage. Were it not for the road, these additional pillbox sites would remain unrecorded.”

The pillboxes will not impact the progress of the Foynes to Limerick (including Adare) Road Project.

The Project is funded by the Government of Ireland and administered by Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) through Limerick City and County Council.